Particle guide
Japanese particle explanations with examples.
Use these pages as a searchable reference, then open the app to see each particle inside story sentences.
と
Connects a complete list of nouns, marks companionship, or closes a quotation.
が
Marks the grammatical subject, often introducing new information or placing focus on who or what performs an action.
は
Marks the topic of a sentence and can also create contrast.
へ
Marks movement in a direction. It is pronounced え when used as a particle.
に
Marks a destination, time, purpose, location of existence, recipient, or resulting state.
を
Marks the direct object affected by an action.
まで
Marks an endpoint, limit, or range, meaning up to, until, or as far as.
までに
Marks a deadline or point by which something happens.
から
Marks a starting point in space or time, or gives a reason when attached to a clause.
で
Marks where an action takes place, the means used, or a group acting together.
の
Links nouns to show possession, belonging, identity, or description.
のが
The のが combination consists of two distinct particles: の, which functions as a nominalizer to turn verbs or clauses into nouns, and が, which acts as the subject marker.
には
Combines に with は to mark a place, time, direction, or topic with extra emphasis or contrast.
も
Adds the meaning also, too, or even, often in the place where は or が is normally located.
ね
Sentence-ending particle used to seek agreement, soften a statement, or share a feeling.
ために
Expresses purpose or benefit: for, for the sake of, or in order to.
という
Links a name, quotation, or description to a noun, often meaning called, known as, or that.
ので
Connects a reason to its result, meaning because or since, with a relatively explanatory or gentle tone.
や
Lists representative examples and implies that other items may also exist.